Visible-driven industrial wastewater remediation using black titania: optimization, energy consumption, treatment, and material preparation costs estimation

Herein, black titania nanoparticles (BTNs) were synthesized via chloride sol–gel route which were then employed for the remediation of phenolic compounds (PCs) contaminated wastewater. A total of 2.70 L of input reagents and 28.33 kWh of electrical energy (EE) were required to produce 1 kilogramme o...

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Main Authors:	Nawaz, Rab, Arshad, Ushtar, Marlia, Mohd Hanafiah, Haider, Sajjad, Anjum, Muzammil, Abdel Baki, Zaher, Khan, Rawaiz, Zaini, Sakawi, Muhammad, Aqif, Haider, Adnan, Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin
Format:	Article
Language:	en
Published:	Elsevier 2025
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44416/1/Visible-driven%20industrial%20wastewater%20remediation%20using%20black%20titania.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44416/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2025.121257
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