Sludge palm oil as a renewable raw material for biodiesel production by two-step processes

In this study, biodiesel was produced from sludge palm oil (SPO) using tolune-4-sulfonic monohydrate acid (PTSA) as an acid catalyst in different dosages in the presence of methanol to convert free fatty acid (FFA) to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), followed by a transesterification process using...

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Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Hayyan, Adeeb, Alam, Md. Zahangir, Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed, Kabbashi, Nassereldeen Ahmed, Mohd Hakimi, Noor Irma Nazashida, Mohd Siran, Yosri, Tahiruddin, Shawaluddin
Format:	Article
Language:	en
Published:	Elsevier 2010
Subjects:	TP248.13 Biotechnology
Online Access:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/4069/1/Biodiesel-esterification-BITE.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/4069/ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852410009016
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