Combined Effect of Incentive Spirometry and Diaphragmatic Exercise on Respiratory Outcomes Post Upper Abdominal Surgery: A Literature Review

Background: Upper abdominal operations mainly cause respiratory complications because the incision across the abdominal region reflects in decreased diaphragmatic movement , e.g., atelectasis and pneumonia. Incentive spirometry (IS) and diaphragmatic breathing exercises (DBE) are the most employed...

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Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Christo Ajai, Siluvai S, Karishma, Chauhan, Jeffery, Samuel
Format:	Article
Language:	en en
Published:	INTI International University 2025
Subjects:	Q Science (General) QP Physiology RD Surgery
Online Access:	http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2129/2/670 http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2129/3/ij2025_06r.pdf http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2129/ https://intijournal.intimal.edu.my
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