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A comparative representation approach to modern heuristic search methods in a job shop by Dominic P, Dhanapal Durai, Ahmad, Kamil, Parthiban, P, Lenny Koh, SC

“…The summary of results from this article gives a conclusion that the genetic algorithm gives better results in the makespan time determination on both the job-based representation and the rulebased representation and the simulated annealing algorithm gives the better results in the mean flow time in both the representations.…”
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Pemahaman guru matematik Tahun Enam tentang pembahagian nombor bulat / Hoi Sim Min by Hoi , Sim Min

“…Data was collected through five clinical interviews involving mental images, representations, meaning, reasoning and problem solving, which was captured on video. …”
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Hybrid multiobjective genetic algorithm for integrated dynamic scheduling and routing of jobs and automated guided vehicles in flexible manufacturing systems by Umar, Umar Ali

“…Genetic algorithm has recorded of huge success in solving NP-Complete optimization problems with similar nature to this problem. …”
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USING LATENT SEMANTIC INDEXING FOR DOCUMENT CLUSTERING by MUFLIKHAH, LAILIL

“…Based on the new representation, the documents are then subjected to the clustering algorithm itself, which is Fuzzy c-Means algorithm. …”
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Crossover and mutation operators of real coded genetic algorithms for global optimization problems by Lim, Siew Mooi

“…This study is primarily aimed at investigating two issues in genetic algorithm (GA) and one issue in conformational search (CS) problems. …”
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Occupancy grid map algorithm with neural network using array of infrared sensors by N A, Yatim, N, Buniyamin, Z M, Noh, Nur Aqilah, Othman

“…From the simulation experiments, it is observed that, that neural network-integrated algorithm has a better map estimate throughout robot’s navigation with mean of 28% more accurate compared to occupancy grid map algorithm without neural network. …”
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A genetic algorithm to minimise the maximum lateness on a single machine family scheduling problem by Lee, Lai Soon, Nazif, Habibeh

“…In this study, we propose an Optimised Crossover Genetic Algorithm (OCGA) for the problem. The objective is to find a schedule which minimises the maximum lateness of the jobs in the presence of the sequence independent family setup times.In brief, the proposed OCGA uses binary representation to encode the problem. …”
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Plant identification using combination of fuzzy c-means spatial pyramid matching, gist, multi-texton histogram and multiview dictionary learning by Safa, Soodabeh

“…For next, instead of k-means clustring, Fuzzy cmeans clustering is combined with Spatial Pyramid Matching image representation to improve the accuracy of classification results. …”
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Using the line array representation as an alternative method for understanding whole number multiplication among primary students by Chai, Chin Pheng

“…Problems that students had faced with using the array and dilemmas that researcher encountered throughout the study are discussed. …”
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Evolutionary-based feature construction with substitution for data summarization using DARA by Sia, Florence, Alfred, Rayner

“…The representation of input data set is important for learning task. …”
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Introducing new statistical shape based and texture feature extraction methods in the plant species recognition system by Seyed Mohammad Hussein, Ahmad, Siti Anom, Hassan, Mohd Khair, Ishak, Asnor Juraiza

“…In this paper, features such as median, mean, variance and standard deviation (SD) is engaged in shape representation. …”
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Dynamic Bayesian Networks and Variable Length Genetic Algorithm for Dialogue Act Recognition by Ali Yahya, Anwar

“…Motivating by these drawbacks, this research proposes a new model of dialogue act recognition in which dynamic Bayesian machine learning is applied to induce dynamic Bayesian networks models from task-oriented dialogue corpus using sets of lexical cues selected automatically by means of new variable length genetic algorithm. In achieving this, the research is planned in three main stages. …”
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Effective query structuring with ranking using named entity categories for XML retrieval by Roko, Abubakar

“…The systems focus on user query representation, user search intention identification and ranking algorithms to improve keyword search. …”
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Generalizations and Some Applications of Kronecker and Hadamard Products of Matrices by Mah'd Al Zhour, Zeyad Abdel Aziz

“…These applications are: a family of generalized inverses, a family of coupled singular matrix problems, a family of matrix inequalities and a family of geometric means. …”
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Object detection model for mango leaf diseases / Muhammad Norzakwan Mohd Sham and Mohammad Hafiz Ismail by Mohd Sham, Muhammad Norzakwan, Ismail, Mohammad Hafiz

“…In addition, this object detection model for mango leaf diseases used the techniques mean average precision (mAP) to performance accuracy and speed of the algorithm. …”
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Cognitive knowledge-based model for adaptive feedback: A case in physics / Andrew Thomas Bimba by Andrew Thomas, Bimba

“…This form of representation is achieved through the knowledge elicitation, knowledge bonding, and adaptive feedback algorithms. …”
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Denoising module for wood texture images by Abdul Hamid, Lydia, Rosli, Nenny Ruthfalydia, Khairuddin, Anis Salwa Mohd, Mokhtar, Norrima, Yusof, Rubiyah

“…An image denoising module is proposed to improve the image representation of the wood texture by using the expectation–maximization (EM) adaption algorithm. …”
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Crypt Edge Detection Using PSO,Label Matrix And BI-Cubic Interpolation For Better Iris Recognition(PSOLB) by Hashim, Nurul Akmal

“…Recently,there has been renewed interest in iris features detection.Gabor filter,cross entrophy, upport vector,and canny edge detection are methods which produce iris codes in binary codes representation.However,problems have occurred in iris recognition since low quality iris images are created due to blurriness,indoor or outdoor settings, and camera specifications.Failure was detected in 21% of the intra-class comparisons cases which were taken between intervals of three and six months intervals.However,the mismatch or False Rejection Rate (FRR) in iris recognition is still alarmingly high.Higher FRR also causes the value of Equal Error Rate (EER) to be high.The main reason for high values of FRR and EER is that there are changes in the iris due to the amount of light entering into the iris that changes the size of the unique features in the iris.One of the solutions to this problem is by finding any technique or algorithm to automatically detect the unique features.Therefore a new model is introduced which is called Crypt Edge Detection which combines PSO,Label Matrix,and Bi-Cubic Interpolation for Iris Recognition (PSOLB) to solve the problem of detection in iris features.In this research, the unique feature known as crypts has been chosen due to its accessibility and sustainability.Feature detection is performed using particle swarm optimisation (PSO) as an algorithm to select the best iris texture among the unique iris features by finding the pixel values according to the range of selected features.Meanwhile, label matrix will detect the edge of the crypt and the bi-cubic interpolation technique creates sharp and refined crypt images.In order to evaluate the proposed approach,FAR and FRR are measured using Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Automation (CASIA) database for high quality images.For CASIA version 3 image databases, the crypt feature shows that the result of FRR is 21.83% and FAR is 78.17%.The finding from the experiment indicates that by using the PSOLB,the intersection between FAR and FRR produces the Equal Error Rate (EER) with 0.28%,which indicated that equal error rate is lower than previous value, which is 0.38%.Thus,there are advantages from using PSOLB as it has the ability to adapt with unique iris features and use information in iris template features to determine the user.The outcome of this new approach is to reduce the EER rates since lower EER rates can produce accurate detection of unique features.In conclusion,the contribution of PSOLB brings an innovation to the extraction process in the biometric technology and is beneficial to the communities.…”
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Computational time analysis in extended kalman filter based simultaneous localization and mapping by Maziatun, Mohamad Mazlan

“…SLAM does not require a priori map, instead the mobile robot creates a map of the area incrementally with the help of sensors on board and uses this map to localize its location Due to its relatively easy algorithm and efficiency of estimation via the representation of the belief by a multivariate Gaussian distribution and a unimodal distribution, with a single mean annotated and corresponding covariance uncertainty, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) has become one of the most preferred estimators in mobile robot SLAM. …”
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Development of a Neural-Fuzzy Model for Machinability Data Selection in Turning Process by Kong, Hong Shim

“…On the other hand, neural network has the issues of black box problem and difficulty in optimal topology determination. …”
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