Unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines

The present study was conducted to determine the cytotoxicity effect of Eurycoma longifolia (Jack.) leaf extracts and also its possible anticancer mechanism of action against breast cancer cell lines: non-hormone-dependent MDA-MB-231 and hormone-dependent MCF-7. The leaves of E. longifolia were proc...

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Main Authors: Lusia Barek Moses, Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar, Hasmadi Mamat, Zaleha Abdul Aziz
Format: Article
Language:English
English
Published: Hindawi 2021
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Online Access:https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/26983/1/Unfermented%20freeze-dried%20leaf%20extract%20of%20Tongkat%20Ali%20%28Eurycoma%20longifolia%20Jack.%29%20induced%20cytotoxicity%20and%20apoptosis%20in%20MDA-MB-231%20and%20MCF-7%20breast%20cancer%20cell%20lines%20FULL%20TEXT.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/26983/3/Unfermented%20freeze-dried%20leaf%20extract%20of%20Tongkat%20Ali%20%28Eurycoma%20longifolia%20Jack.%29%20induced%20cytotoxicity%20and%20apoptosis%20in%20MDA-MB-231%20and%20MCF-7%20breast%20cancer%20cell%20lines%20ABSTRACT.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/26983/
https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2021/8811236.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8811236
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spelling my.ums.eprints.269832021-05-19T12:06:52Z https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/26983/ Unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines Lusia Barek Moses Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar Hasmadi Mamat Zaleha Abdul Aziz TX Home economics The present study was conducted to determine the cytotoxicity effect of Eurycoma longifolia (Jack.) leaf extracts and also its possible anticancer mechanism of action against breast cancer cell lines: non-hormone-dependent MDA-MB-231 and hormone-dependent MCF-7. The leaves of E. longifolia were processed into unfermented and fermented batches before drying using freeze and microwave-oven drying techniques. Obtained extracts were tested for cytotoxicity effect using MTT assay and phenolic determination using HPLC-DAD technique. The most toxic sample was analyzed for its apoptotic cell quantification, cell cycle distribution, and the expression of caspases and apoptotic protein using flow cytometry technique. Fragmentation of DNA was tested using an agarose gel electrophoresis system. The results determined that the unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract was the most toxic towards MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. This extract contains the highest phenolics of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, ECG, and EGCG. The DNA fragmentation was observed in both cell lines, where cell cycle was arrested at the G2/M phase in MCF-7 cells and S phase in MDA-MB-231 cells. The number of apoptotic cells for MDA-MB-231 was increased when the treatment was prolonged from 24 h to 48 h but slightly decreased at 72 h, whereas apoptosis in MCF-7 cells occurred in a time-dependent manner. There were significant activities of cytochrome c, caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 apoptotic protein in MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas MCF-7 cells showed significant activities for caspase-8, cytochrome c, Bax, p53, and Bcl-2 apoptotic protein. These results indicate the ability of unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract of E. longifolia to induce apoptosis cell death on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, as well as real evidence on sample preparation effect towards its cytotoxicity level. Hindawi 2021 Article PeerReviewed text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/26983/1/Unfermented%20freeze-dried%20leaf%20extract%20of%20Tongkat%20Ali%20%28Eurycoma%20longifolia%20Jack.%29%20induced%20cytotoxicity%20and%20apoptosis%20in%20MDA-MB-231%20and%20MCF-7%20breast%20cancer%20cell%20lines%20FULL%20TEXT.pdf text en https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/26983/3/Unfermented%20freeze-dried%20leaf%20extract%20of%20Tongkat%20Ali%20%28Eurycoma%20longifolia%20Jack.%29%20induced%20cytotoxicity%20and%20apoptosis%20in%20MDA-MB-231%20and%20MCF-7%20breast%20cancer%20cell%20lines%20ABSTRACT.pdf Lusia Barek Moses and Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar and Hasmadi Mamat and Zaleha Abdul Aziz (2021) Unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021 (1). pp. 1-16. ISSN 1741-4288 https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2021/8811236.pdf https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8811236
institution Universiti Malaysia Sabah
building UMS Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaysia Sabah
content_source UMS Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.ums.edu.my/
language English
English
topic TX Home economics
spellingShingle TX Home economics
Lusia Barek Moses
Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar
Hasmadi Mamat
Zaleha Abdul Aziz
Unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines
description The present study was conducted to determine the cytotoxicity effect of Eurycoma longifolia (Jack.) leaf extracts and also its possible anticancer mechanism of action against breast cancer cell lines: non-hormone-dependent MDA-MB-231 and hormone-dependent MCF-7. The leaves of E. longifolia were processed into unfermented and fermented batches before drying using freeze and microwave-oven drying techniques. Obtained extracts were tested for cytotoxicity effect using MTT assay and phenolic determination using HPLC-DAD technique. The most toxic sample was analyzed for its apoptotic cell quantification, cell cycle distribution, and the expression of caspases and apoptotic protein using flow cytometry technique. Fragmentation of DNA was tested using an agarose gel electrophoresis system. The results determined that the unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract was the most toxic towards MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. This extract contains the highest phenolics of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, ECG, and EGCG. The DNA fragmentation was observed in both cell lines, where cell cycle was arrested at the G2/M phase in MCF-7 cells and S phase in MDA-MB-231 cells. The number of apoptotic cells for MDA-MB-231 was increased when the treatment was prolonged from 24 h to 48 h but slightly decreased at 72 h, whereas apoptosis in MCF-7 cells occurred in a time-dependent manner. There were significant activities of cytochrome c, caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 apoptotic protein in MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas MCF-7 cells showed significant activities for caspase-8, cytochrome c, Bax, p53, and Bcl-2 apoptotic protein. These results indicate the ability of unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract of E. longifolia to induce apoptosis cell death on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, as well as real evidence on sample preparation effect towards its cytotoxicity level.
format Article
author Lusia Barek Moses
Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar
Hasmadi Mamat
Zaleha Abdul Aziz
author_facet Lusia Barek Moses
Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar
Hasmadi Mamat
Zaleha Abdul Aziz
author_sort Lusia Barek Moses
title Unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines
title_short Unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines
title_full Unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines
title_fullStr Unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines
title_full_unstemmed Unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines
title_sort unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract of tongkat ali (eurycoma longifolia jack.) induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in mda-mb-231 and mcf-7 breast cancer cell lines
publisher Hindawi
publishDate 2021
url https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/26983/1/Unfermented%20freeze-dried%20leaf%20extract%20of%20Tongkat%20Ali%20%28Eurycoma%20longifolia%20Jack.%29%20induced%20cytotoxicity%20and%20apoptosis%20in%20MDA-MB-231%20and%20MCF-7%20breast%20cancer%20cell%20lines%20FULL%20TEXT.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/26983/3/Unfermented%20freeze-dried%20leaf%20extract%20of%20Tongkat%20Ali%20%28Eurycoma%20longifolia%20Jack.%29%20induced%20cytotoxicity%20and%20apoptosis%20in%20MDA-MB-231%20and%20MCF-7%20breast%20cancer%20cell%20lines%20ABSTRACT.pdf
https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/26983/
https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2021/8811236.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8811236
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